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11. The Constitution (Seventy-Third Amend-ment) Act, 1992, which aims at promoting the Panchayati Raj Institutions in the country, provides for which of the following?
1. Constitution of District Planning Committees
(a) 1 only
Ans: c
Exp: THE CONSTITUTION (SEVENTY-THIRD AMENDMENT) ACT, 1992
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS
Though the Panchayati Raj Institutions have been in existence for a
long time, it has been observed that these institutions have not been
able to acquire the status and dignity of viable and responsive
people's bodies due to a number of reasons including absence of
regular elections, prolonged supersessions, insufficient
representation of weaker sections like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled
Tribes and women, inadequate devolution of powers and lack of
financial resources.
2. Article 40 of the Constitution which enshrines one of the
Directive Principles of State Policy lays down that the State shall
take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such
powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as
units of self-government. In the light of the experience in the last
forty years and in view of the short-comings which have been observed,
it is considered that there is an imperative need to enshrine in the
Constitution certain basic and essential features of Panchayati Raj
Institutions to impart certainty, continuity and strength to them.
3. Accordingly, it is proposed to add a new Part relating to
Panchayats in the Constitution to provide for among other things, Gram
Sabha in a village or group of villages; constitution of Panchayats
at village and other level or levels; direct elections to all seats
in Panchayats at the village and intermediate level, if any, and to
the offices of Chairpersons of Panchayats at such levels; reservation
of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in proportion
to their population for membership of Panchayats and office of
Chairpersons in Panchayats at each level; reservation of not less
than one-third of the seats for women; fixing tenure of 5 years for
Panchayats and holding elections within a period of 6 months in the
event of supersession of any Panchayat; disqualifications for
membership of Panchayats; devolution by the State Legislature of
powers and responsibilities upon the Panchayats with respect to the
preparation of plans for economic developments and social justice and
for the implementation of development schemes; sound finance of the
Panchayats by securing authorisation from State Legislatures for
grants-in-aid to the Panchayats from the Consolidated Fund of the
State, as also assignment to, or appropriation by, the Panchayats of
the revenues of designated taxes, duties, tolls and fees; setting up
of a Finance Commission within one year of the proposed amendment and
thereafter every 5 years to review the financial position of
Panchayats; auditing of accounts of the Panchayats; powers of State
Legislatures to make provisions with respect to elections to
Panchayats under the superintendence, direction and control of the
chief electoral officer of the State; application of the provisions
of the said Part to Union territories; excluding certain States and
areas from the application of the provisions of the said Part;
continuance of existing laws and Panchayats until one year from the
commencement of the proposed amendment and barring interference by
courts in electoral matters relating to Panchayats.
12. Two important rivers - one with its source in Jharkhand (and known by a different name in Odisha), and another,with its source in Odisha - merge at a place only a short distance from the coast of Bay of Bengal before flowing into the sea. This is an important site of wildlife and biodiversity and a protected area
(a) Bhitarkanika Exp: The Bhitarkanika Mangroves are a mangrove wetland in India's Orissa state. The Bhitarkanika Mangroves cover an area of 650 km˛ in the river delta of the Brahmani and Baitarani rivers. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the rivers South Koel and Sankh near the major industrial town of Raurkela at 22 15'N and 84 47' E. The Sankh has its origins near the Jharkhand-Chhatisgarh border, not far from the Netarhat Plateau. Together with the rivers Mahanadi and Baitarani, it forms a large delta before entering into the Bay of Bengal at Dhamra. The Baitarani River or River Vaitarani is one of six major rivers of Orissa.
13. A rapid increase in the rate of inflation is sometimes attributed to the "base effect", What is "base effect" ?
(a) It is the impact of drastic deficiency in supply due to failure of crops
Ans: c
Exp: The base effect relates to inflation in the corresponding period of the previous year: if the inflation rate was two low in the corresponding period of the previous year, even a smaller rise in the Price Index will arithmatically give a high rate of inflation now; On the other hand if the price index had risen at a high rate in the corresponding period of the previous year and recorded high inflation rate, a similar absolute increase in the Price index now will show a lower inflation rate now.
14. India is regarded as a country With "Demographic Dividend" This is due to
(a) Its high population in the age group below 15 years
Ans: b
Exp: The demographic dividend is a rise in the rate of economic growth due to a rising share of working age people in a population. This usually occurs late in the demographic transition when the fertility rate falls and the youth dependency rate declines. During this demographic window of opportunity, output per capita rises. It has been argued that the demographic dividend played a role in the "economic miracles" of the East Asian Tigers Much has been said recently about India's demographic dividend: that its working-age (15-59 years) population, as of now, largely consists of youth (15-34 years), and as a result its economy has the potential to grow more quickly than that of many other countries, including China.
15. Regarding "carbon credits", which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) The carbon credit system was ratified in conjunction with the Kyoto Protocol
Ans: d
Exp: Carbon credits are a tradable permit scheme. It is a simple, non-compulsory way to counteract the greenhouse gasses that contribute to climate change and global warming. Carbon credits create a market for reducing greenhouse emissions by giving a monetary value to the cost of polluting the air. The Carbon Credit is this new currency and each carbon credit represents one tonne of carbon dioxide either removed from the atmosphere or saved from being emitted. Carbon credits are also called emission permit. Carbon credit is in the Environment and Pollution Control subject. Carbon credits are certificates awarded to countries that are successful in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.
Carbon credits are generated as the result of an additional carbon project. Carbon credits can be created in many ways but there are two broad types: 16. Which one of the following is not a feature of "Value Added Tax" ?
(a) It is a multi-point destination-based system of taxation
Ans: d
Exp: Value Added Tax (VAT) is a multistage sales tax with credit for taxes paid on business purchases. As the economy grew, business complexities led to the taxation structure towards its own peril. This warranted a revision of the existing taxation. For achieving this, the government introduced a single rate of excise (CENVAT) as a major step and bought in a fundamental rationalization in the tax structure and levy.
Features of VAT are:
Sales tax / VAT is basically a state subject, the central government is playing the role of facilitator for successful implementation of this significant reform measures. Whether it be Sales Tax of Value Added Tax it increases the cost of the product bought by the consumers and as such it is ultimately be borne by the consumer .
17. A "closed economy" is an economy in which
(a) the money supply is fully controlled
Ans: d
Exp: What Does Closed Economy Mean? 18. When the bark of a tree is removed in a circular fashion all around near its base,it gradually dries up and dies because
(a) Water from soil cannot rise to aerial parts
Ans: b
Exp: Girdling, also called ring barking or ring-barking, is the complete removal of a strip of bark (consisting of secondary phloem tissue, cork cambium, and cork) from around the entire outer circumference of either a branch or the trunk of a woody plant. Girdling results in the death of wood tissues beyond the damage. A branch completely girdled will fail and when the main trunk of a woody plant is girdled, the entire plant will likely die, if it cannot regenerate itself from below. After removing bark the phloem also removed. and then the glucose cant reach to roots. water move through xylem which is confined to middle of stem remain unaffected.
19. The "New START" treaty was In the news. What is this treaty?
(a) It is a bilateral strategic nuclear arms reduction treaty between the USA and' the Russian Federation
Exp: New START (for Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) is a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation with the formal name of Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. It was signed on 8 April 2010 in Prague, and, after ratification, entered into force on 5 February 2011. It is expected to last at least until 2021.
20. Three of the following criteria have contributed to the recognition of western Ghats-Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma regions as hotspots of biodiversity:
1. Species richness
(a) 1,2 and 6
Ans: c
Exp: The concept of biodiversity hotspots was
first put forward by Myers4 and the Western Ghats of India
and Sri Lanka were included among the first 18
global biodiversity hotspots due to high levels of species
endemism. The
wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
have distinctive faunas and numerous species form endemic
clades whereas the fauna and flora of lowland dry forests
seem more similar. This is probably because contiguities
between the wet zones over the ice ages might have been lower than between the dry zones.
The Indo-Burma Hotspot, with its unique assemblages of plant and animal communities
and threatened and endemic species, and high levels of threat, is a global priority for
conservation.
2. State Election Commissions to conduct all panchayat elections
3. Establishment of State Finance Commissions
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(b) 1 ans 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Which one of the following could be this?
(b) Chandipur-on-sea
(c) Gopalpur-on-sea
(d) Simlipal
Ans: a
(b) It is the impact of the - surge in demand due to rapid economic growth
(c) It is the impact of the price levels of previous year on the calculation of inflation rate
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct in this context
(b) Its high population in the age group of 15-64 years
(c) Its high population in the age group above 65 years
(d) Its high total population
(b) Carbon credits are awarded to countries or groups that have reduced greenhouse gases below their emission quota
(c) The goal of the carbon credit system is to limit the increase of carbon dioxide emission
(d) Carbon credits are traded at a price fixed from time to time by the United Nations Environment Programme
1. Sequestration (capturing or retaining carbon dioxide from the atmosphere) such as afforestation and reforestation activities.
2. Carbon Dioxide Saving Projects such as use of renewable energies
These credits need to be authentic, scientifically based and Verification is essential.
Carbon credit trading is an innovative method of controlling emissions using the free market.
Existence of carbon credits:
The concept of carbon credits came into existence as a result of increasing awareness of the need for pollution control.
Carbon credits were one of the outcomes of the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement between 169 countries. The Kyoto Protocol created legally binding emission targets for developing nations. To meet these targets, nations must limit C02 emissions. It was enforced from Feb’05.
(b) It is a tax levied on value addition at each stage of transaction in the production-distribution chain
(c) It is a tax on the final consumption of goods or services and must ultimately be borne by the consumer
(d) It is basically a subject of the Cental Government and the State Governments are only a facilitator for its successful implementation
1. Uniform schedule rates of VAT for all states. This would make the tax system simple and uniform and prevent unhealthy tax competition among states.
2. The provisions of input tax credit would help in prevent cascading effect tax.
3. The provisions of self assessment by dealers would reduce harassment small traders with turn over upto Rs 5 lakh would be exempt from the provisions of VAT.
4. The zero – rating of exports would increase the competitiveness of Indian exports.
(b) deficit financing takes place
(c) only exports take place
(d) neither exports nor imports take place
An economy in which no activity is conducted with outside economies. A closed economy is self-sufficient, meaning that no imports are brought in and no exports are sent out. The goal is to provide consumers with everything that they need from within the economy's borders.
A closed economy is the opposite of an open economy, in which a country will conduct trade with outside regions.
(b) Roots are starved of energy
(c) Tree is infected by soil microbes
(d) Roots do not receive oxygen for respiration
(b) It is a multilateral energy security cooperation treaty among the members of the East Asia Summit
(c) It is a treaty between the Russian Federation and the European Union for the energy security cooperation
(d) It is a multilateral cooperation treaty among the BRICS countries Species richness
Ans: a
2. Vegetation density
3. Endemism
4. Ethno-botanical importance
5. Threat perception
6. Adaptation of flora and fauna to warm arid humid conditions
Which three of the above are correct criteria in this context?
(b) 2,4 and 6
(c) 1,3 and 5
(d) 3,4 and 6
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